Linux PulseAudio 声卡配置和检测

### **1.查看当前可用的音频设备与 Profile**

**使用 `pacmd` 和 `pactl` 管理音频设置**: `pacmd` 可用于在运行时重新配置 PulseAudio 音频服务器，提供一个简单的实时 shell，用于输入也可以在 `default.pa` 配置脚本中理解的命令[2](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//man.archlinux.org/man/pacmd.1%23%3A~%3Atext%3Dpacmd.%20pacmd%20%2Cthe%20live%20shell%2C%20use%20ctrl%2Bd)。`pactl` 用于控制运行中的 PulseAudio 音频服务器，它仅公开了一组可用操作的子集。如果命令通过 `pactl` 可用，则应使用 `pactl`。例如，可以使用 `pactl list` 来列出所有当前加载的模块、可用的接收点、源、流等。

```
orangepi3b@orangepi3b:~$ pacmd list-cards
3 card(s) available.
    index: 0
        name: <alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00>
        driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
        owner module: 7
        properties:
                alsa.card = "2"
                alsa.card_name = "USB PnP Sound Device"
                alsa.long_card_name = "C-Media Electronics Inc. USB PnP Sound Device at usb-fd840000.usb-1, full speed"
                alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
                device.bus_path = "platform-fd840000.usb-usb-0:1:1.0"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/fd840000.usb/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0/sound/card2"
                udev.id = "usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00"
                device.bus = "usb"
                device.vendor.id = "0d8c"
                device.vendor.name = "C-Media Electronics, Inc."
                device.product.id = "013c"
                device.product.name = "CM108 Audio Controller"
                device.serial = "C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device"
                device.string = "2"
                device.description = "CM108 Audio Controller"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card-usb"
        profiles:
                input:mono-fallback: Mono Input (priority 1, available: unknown)
                output:stereo-fallback: Stereo Output (priority 5100, available: unknown)
                off: Off (priority 0, available: unknown)
        active profile: <input:mono-fallback>
        sources:
                alsa_input.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00.mono-fallback/#2: CM108 Audio Controller Mono
        ports:
                analog-input-mic: Microphone (priority 8700, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
                        properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
                analog-output-speaker: Speakers (priority 10000, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
                        properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-speakers"
    index: 1
        name: <alsa_card.platform-hdmi-sound>
        driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
        owner module: 8
        properties:
                alsa.card = "1"
                alsa.card_name = "rockchip,hdmi"
                alsa.long_card_name = "rockchip,hdmi"
                device.bus_path = "platform-hdmi-sound"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/hdmi-sound/sound/card1"
                device.form_factor = "internal"
                device.string = "1"
                device.description = "Built-in Audio"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card"
        profiles:
                output:stereo-fallback: Stereo Output (priority 5100, available: unknown)
                off: Off (priority 0, available: unknown)
        active profile: <off>
        ports:
                analog-output: Analog Output (priority 9900, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
                        properties:

index: 2
        name: <alsa_card.platform-rk809-sound>
        driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
        owner module: 9
        properties:
                alsa.card = "0"
                alsa.card_name = "rockchip-rk809"
                alsa.long_card_name = "rockchip-rk809"
                device.bus_path = "platform-rk809-sound"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/rk809-sound/sound/card0"
                device.form_factor = "internal"
                device.string = "0"
                device.description = "Built-in Audio"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card"
        profiles:
                input:stereo-fallback: Stereo Input (priority 51, available: no)
                off: Off (priority 0, available: unknown)
        active profile: <off>
        ports:
                analog-input-headset-mic: Headset Microphone (priority 8800, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
                        properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
```

```
orangepi3b@orangepi3b:~/Desktop$ pactl list cards 
Card #0
        Name: alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00
        Driver: module-alsa-card.c
        Owner Module: 7
        Properties:
                alsa.card = "2"
                alsa.card_name = "USB PnP Sound Device"
                alsa.long_card_name = "C-Media Electronics Inc. USB PnP Sound Device at usb-fd840000.usb-1, full speed"
                alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
                device.bus_path = "platform-fd840000.usb-usb-0:1:1.0"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/fd840000.usb/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0/sound/card2"
                udev.id = "usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00"
                device.bus = "usb"
                device.vendor.id = "0d8c"
                device.vendor.name = "C-Media Electronics, Inc."
                device.product.id = "013c"
                device.product.name = "CM108 Audio Controller"
                device.serial = "C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device"
                device.string = "2"
                device.description = "CM108 Audio Controller"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card-usb"
        Profiles:
                input:mono-fallback: Mono Input (sinks: 0, sources: 1, priority: 1, available: yes)
                output:stereo-fallback: Stereo Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5100, available: yes)
                off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
        Active Profile: input:mono-fallback
        Ports:
                analog-input-mic: Microphone (type: Mic, priority: 8700, latency offset: 0 usec, availability unknown)
                        Properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
                        Part of profile(s): input:mono-fallback
                analog-output-speaker: Speakers (type: Speaker, priority: 10000, latency offset: 0 usec, availability unknown)
                        Properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-speakers"
                        Part of profile(s): output:stereo-fallback

Card #1
        Name: alsa_card.platform-hdmi-sound
        Driver: module-alsa-card.c
        Owner Module: 8
        Properties:
                alsa.card = "1"
                alsa.card_name = "rockchip,hdmi"
                alsa.long_card_name = "rockchip,hdmi"
                device.bus_path = "platform-hdmi-sound"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/hdmi-sound/sound/card1"
                device.form_factor = "internal"
                device.string = "1"
                device.description = "Built-in Audio"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card"
        Profiles:
                output:stereo-fallback: Stereo Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5100, available: yes)
                off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
        Active Profile: off
        Ports:
                analog-output: Analog Output (type: Analog, priority: 9900, latency offset: 0 usec, availability unknown)
                        Part of profile(s): output:stereo-fallback

Card #2
        Name: alsa_card.platform-rk809-sound
        Driver: module-alsa-card.c
        Owner Module: 9
        Properties:
                alsa.card = "0"
                alsa.card_name = "rockchip-rk809"
                alsa.long_card_name = "rockchip-rk809"
                device.bus_path = "platform-rk809-sound"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/rk809-sound/sound/card0"
                device.form_factor = "internal"
                device.string = "0"
                device.description = "Built-in Audio"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card"
        Profiles:
                input:stereo-fallback: Stereo Input (sinks: 0, sources: 1, priority: 51, available: no)
                off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
        Active Profile: off
        Ports:
                analog-input-headset-mic: Headset Microphone (type: Headset, priority: 8800, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
                        Properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
                        Part of profile(s): input:stereo-fallback
orangepi3b@orangepi3b:~/Desktop$ pacmd list-cards
3 card(s) available.
    index: 0
        name: <alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00>
        driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
        owner module: 7
        properties:
                alsa.card = "2"
                alsa.card_name = "USB PnP Sound Device"
                alsa.long_card_name = "C-Media Electronics Inc. USB PnP Sound Device at usb-fd840000.usb-1, full speed"
                alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
                device.bus_path = "platform-fd840000.usb-usb-0:1:1.0"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/fd840000.usb/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0/sound/card2"
                udev.id = "usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00"
                device.bus = "usb"
                device.vendor.id = "0d8c"
                device.vendor.name = "C-Media Electronics, Inc."
                device.product.id = "013c"
                device.product.name = "CM108 Audio Controller"
                device.serial = "C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device"
                device.string = "2"
                device.description = "CM108 Audio Controller"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card-usb"
        profiles:
                input:mono-fallback: Mono Input (priority 1, available: unknown)
                output:stereo-fallback: Stereo Output (priority 5100, available: unknown)
                off: Off (priority 0, available: unknown)
        active profile: <input:mono-fallback>
        sources:
                alsa_input.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00.mono-fallback/#14: CM108 Audio Controller Mono
        ports:
                analog-input-mic: Microphone (priority 8700, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
                        properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
                analog-output-speaker: Speakers (priority 10000, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
                        properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-speakers"
    index: 1
        name: <alsa_card.platform-hdmi-sound>
        driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
        owner module: 8
        properties:
                alsa.card = "1"
                alsa.card_name = "rockchip,hdmi"
                alsa.long_card_name = "rockchip,hdmi"
                device.bus_path = "platform-hdmi-sound"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/hdmi-sound/sound/card1"
                device.form_factor = "internal"
                device.string = "1"
                device.description = "Built-in Audio"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card"
        profiles:
                output:stereo-fallback: Stereo Output (priority 5100, available: unknown)
                off: Off (priority 0, available: unknown)
        active profile: <off>
        ports:
                analog-output: Analog Output (priority 9900, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
                        properties:

index: 2
        name: <alsa_card.platform-rk809-sound>
        driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
        owner module: 9
        properties:
                alsa.card = "0"
                alsa.card_name = "rockchip-rk809"
                alsa.long_card_name = "rockchip-rk809"
                device.bus_path = "platform-rk809-sound"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/rk809-sound/sound/card0"
                device.form_factor = "internal"
                device.string = "0"
                device.description = "Built-in Audio"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card"
        profiles:
                input:stereo-fallback: Stereo Input (priority 51, available: no)
                off: Off (priority 0, available: unknown)
        active profile: <off>
        ports:
                analog-input-headset-mic: Headset Microphone (priority 8800, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
                        properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
```

**查看USB声卡的 vid 和 pid**

```
orangepi3b:~$ lsusb
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0d8c:013c C-Media Electronics, Inc. CM108 Audio Controller
```

- 0d8c 是 **VID**（厂商ID：C-Media Electronics）
- 013c 是 **PID**（产品ID：CM108）

**查看详细信息**

```
lsusb -v -d 0d8c:013c
```

**手动指定PID加载驱动**

```
sudo modprobe snd_usb_audio vid=0x0d8c pid=0x013c
```

### **2.修改声卡的 Active Profile**

```
# 语法
pacmd set-card-profile <card_index_or_name> <profile_name>

# 示例：将索引为0的声卡切换至HDMI输出
#设置为输出
orangepi3b@orangepi3b:~$ pacmd set-card-profile 0 output:stereo-fallback
orangepi3b@orangepi3b:~$ pacmd set-card-profile 0 output:analog-stereo
#设置为输如
orangepi3b@orangepi3b:~$ pacmd set-card-profile 0 input:mono-fallback			
```

### **3.通过声卡名称指定：**

```
pacmd set-card-profile alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00 output:stereo-fallback
pacmd set-card-profile alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00 output:analog-stereo

pacmd set-card-profile alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00 input:mono-fallback
```

### **4.验证配置生效**

再次运行 `pacmd list-cards`，确认 `active profile` 字段已更新：

```
active profile: output:stereo-fallback
```

### 5.实时监控输入

```bash
#!/bin/bash

CARD_NAME="alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00"
TARGET_PROFILE="input:mono-fallback"
CHECK_INTERVAL=5

# 函数：检测目标 Profile 是否存在（返回 0=存在，1=不存在）
check_profile_exists() {
    local profiles
    profiles=$(pactl list cards | grep -A 40 "Name: $CARD_NAME" | grep "Profiles:" -A 10 | grep -oP '^\s*\K\S+')
    if [[ "$profiles" =~ "$TARGET_PROFILE" ]]; then
        return 0
    else
    	# 清除配置文件重启服务后，声卡ID会变动
        # echo 1|sudo -S rm -rf ~/.config/pulse /tmp/pulse*
        # systemctl --user restart pulseaudio
        echo "$(date) - 警告：声卡 $CARD_NAME 不支持 Profile $TARGET_PROFILE，跳过本次操作"
        return 1
    fi
}

# 主循环
while true; do
    if check_profile_exists; then
        # 获取当前 Profile
        CURRENT_PROFILE=$(pactl list cards | grep -A 40 "Name: $CARD_NAME" | grep "Active Profile" | awk '{print $3}')
        echo "current:${CURRENT_PROFILE}"

# 判断是否需要切换
        if [[ "$CURRENT_PROFILE" != "$TARGET_PROFILE" ]]; then
            echo "$(date) - Profile 错误：当前为 $CURRENT_PROFILE，正在切换至 $TARGET_PROFILE..."
            pacmd set-card-profile "$CARD_NAME" "$TARGET_PROFILE"
        fi
    fi

sleep $CHECK_INTERVAL
done
```

### **6. 永久保存 Profile 设置**

为避免重启后配置丢失，需将命令写入 PulseAudio 启动脚本：

1. 编辑默认配置文件

```bash
   # cat  /etc/pulse/default.pa    PulseAudio 系统配置
   
   vim ~/.config/pulse/default.pa
   ```

2. 添加以下内容

（替换实际参数）：

```conf
   ### 设置声卡默认 Profile
   set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0 output:hdmi-stereo
   ```

3. 重启 PulseAudio 服务

```bash
   pulseaudio -k && pulseaudio --start
   ```

### **7.清空缓存并重置配置**

- 配置文件损坏导致声卡无法加载。

```bash
# 清除配置文件重启服务后，声卡ID会变动
echo 1|sudo -S rm -rf ~/.config/pulse /tmp/pulse*
systemctl --user restart pulseaudio
```

```
@orangepi3b:~$ ls -l ~/.config/pulse
total 56
-rw------- 1 bj bj   256 Apr  9 11:23 cookie
-rw------- 1 bj bj 24576 Apr  9 11:23 f4233532351642ee8bbd75904880fb44-card-database.tdb
-rw------- 1 bj bj    49 Apr  9 11:23 f4233532351642ee8bbd75904880fb44-default-sink
-rw------- 1 bj bj    78 Apr  9 11:23 f4233532351642ee8bbd75904880fb44-default-source
-rw------- 1 bj bj 16384 Apr  9 11:23 f4233532351642ee8bbd75904880fb44-device-volumes.tdb
-rw------- 1 bj bj   696 Apr  9 11:23 f4233532351642ee8bbd75904880fb44-stream-volumes.tdb
```

```
orangepi3b:~$ ls -l /tmp/pulse*
srwxrwxrwx 1 bj bj 0 Apr  9 11:23 /tmp/pulse-socket
```

### 8. 选择输出声卡

```
orangepi3b:/usr/local/bin$ pactl list cards
Card #0
        Name: alsa_card.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00
        Driver: module-alsa-card.c
        Owner Module: 7
        Properties:
                alsa.card = "2"
                alsa.card_name = "USB PnP Sound Device"
                alsa.long_card_name = "C-Media Electronics Inc. USB PnP Sound Device at usb-fd840000.usb-1, full speed"
                alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
                device.bus_path = "platform-fd840000.usb-usb-0:1:1.0"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/fd840000.usb/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0/sound/card2"
                udev.id = "usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device-00"
                device.bus = "usb"
                device.vendor.id = "0d8c"
                device.vendor.name = "C-Media Electronics, Inc."
                device.product.id = "013c"
                device.product.name = "CM108 Audio Controller"
                device.serial = "C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound_Device"
                device.string = "2"
                device.description = "CM108 Audio Controller"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card-usb"
        Profiles:
                input:mono-fallback: Mono Input (sinks: 0, sources: 1, priority: 1, available: yes)
                output:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 6500, available: yes)
                output:analog-stereo+input:mono-fallback: Analog Stereo Output + Mono Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 6501, available: yes)
                output:iec958-stereo: Digital Stereo (IEC958) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5500, available: yes)
                output:iec958-stereo+input:mono-fallback: Digital Stereo (IEC958) Output + Mono Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 5501, available: yes)
                off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
        Active Profile: input:mono-fallback
        Ports:
                analog-input-mic: Microphone (type: Mic, priority: 8700, latency offset: 0 usec, availability unknown)
                        Properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
                        Part of profile(s): input:mono-fallback, output:analog-stereo+input:mono-fallback, output:iec958-stereo+input:mono-fallback
                analog-output-speaker: Speakers (type: Speaker, priority: 10000, latency offset: 0 usec, availability unknown)
                        Properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-speakers"
                        Part of profile(s): output:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:mono-fallback
                iec958-stereo-output: Digital Output (S/PDIF) (type: SPDIF, priority: 0, latency offset: 0 usec, availability unknown)
                        Part of profile(s): output:iec958-stereo, output:iec958-stereo+input:mono-fallback

Card #1
        Name: alsa_card.platform-hdmi-sound
        Driver: module-alsa-card.c
        Owner Module: 8
        Properties:
                alsa.card = "1"
                alsa.card_name = "rockchip,hdmi"
                alsa.long_card_name = "rockchip,hdmi"
                device.bus_path = "platform-hdmi-sound"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/hdmi-sound/sound/card1"
                device.form_factor = "internal"
                device.string = "1"
                device.description = "Built-in Audio"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card"
        Profiles:
                output:stereo-fallback: Stereo Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5100, available: yes)
                off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
        Active Profile: output:stereo-fallback
        Ports:
                analog-output: Analog Output (type: Analog, priority: 9900, latency offset: 0 usec, availability unknown)
                        Part of profile(s): output:stereo-fallback

Card #2
        Name: alsa_card.platform-rk809-sound
        Driver: module-alsa-card.c
        Owner Module: 9
        Properties:
                alsa.card = "0"
                alsa.card_name = "rockchip-rk809"
                alsa.long_card_name = "rockchip-rk809"
                device.bus_path = "platform-rk809-sound"
                sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/rk809-sound/sound/card0"
                device.form_factor = "internal"
                device.string = "0"
                device.description = "Built-in Audio"
                module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
                device.icon_name = "audio-card"
        Profiles:
                input:stereo-fallback: Stereo Input (sinks: 0, sources: 1, priority: 51, available: no)
                output:stereo-fallback: Stereo Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 37868, available: yes)
                output:stereo-fallback+input:stereo-fallback: Stereo Output + Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 5151, available: yes)
                off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
        Active Profile: off
        Ports:
                analog-input-headset-mic: Headset Microphone (type: Headset, priority: 8800, latency offset: 0 usec, availability group: Legacy 1, not available)
                        Properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
                        Part of profile(s): input:stereo-fallback, output:stereo-fallback+input:stereo-fallback
                analog-output-speaker: Speakers (type: Speaker, priority: 10000, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
                        Properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-speakers"
                        Part of profile(s): output:stereo-fallback, output:stereo-fallback+input:stereo-fallback
                analog-output-headphones: Headphones (type: Headphones, priority: 9900, latency offset: 0 usec, availability group: Legacy 1, availability unknown)
                        Properties:
                                device.icon_name = "audio-headphones"
                        Part of profile(s): output:stereo-fallback, output:stereo-fallback+input:stereo-fallback
```

**通过设置声卡 profile 去控制声卡关闭和开启**

```bash
# 关闭指定声卡
pactl set-card-profile alsa_card.platform-hdmi-sound off   
# 开启指定声卡输出
pactl set-card-profile alsa_card.platform-hdmi-sound output:stereo-fallback   
```

**检查目标设别可用的输出端口**

```bash
# 列出所有输出设备
orangepi3b:~$ pactl list sinks short
1       AudioCodec-Playback     module-alsa-sink.c      s16le 2ch 44100Hz       IDLE
4       alsa_output.platform-hdmi-sound.stereo-fallback module-alsa-card.c      s16le 2ch 44100Hz       IDLE

```

**切换到输出设备**

```bash
# 查看当前默认输出
@orangepi3b:~$ pactl get-default-sink
alsa_output.platform-hdmi-sound.stereo-fallback

# 设置默认输出
pactl set-default-sink alsa_output.platform-hdmi-sound.stereo-fallback
pactl set-default-sink AudioCodec-Playback
```

**指定设备静音**

```bash
pactl set-sink-mute alsa_output.platform-hdmi-sound.stereo-fallback 0   # 静音
pactl set-sink-mute alsa_output.platform-hdmi-sound.stereo-fallback 1   # 恢复

```

**设置输出音频音量**

```bash
bj@orangepi3b:~$ pactl set-sink-volume alsa_output.platform-hdmi-sound.stereo-fallback +10%
bj@orangepi3b:~$ pactl set-sink-volume alsa_output.platform-hdmi-sound.stereo-fallback 100%
```

**桌面自动启脚本目录**

```
bj@orangepi3b:~$ ls -l ~/.config/autostart/
total 28
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bj bj  29 Sep 20  2024 blueman.desktop
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bj bj  29 Sep 20  2024 geoclue-demo-agent.desktop
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bj bj  49 Oct 31 13:29 onboard-autostart.desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 bj bj 188 Apr 24  2024 pasystray.desktop
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bj bj  29 Sep 20  2024 snap-userd-autostart.desktop
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bj bj  29 Sep 20  2024 ubuntu-advantage-notification.desktop
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bj bj  29 Sep 20  2024 update-notifier.desktop
```

|       **文件/目录**       |             **作用**             | **优先级** |
| :-----------------------: | :------------------------------: | :--------: |
|       `~/.xprofile`       |       环境变量和预启动命令       |     高     |
| `~/.config/xfce4/xinitrc` |    用户自定义 XFCE 初始化脚本    |     中     |
|  `~/.config/autostart/`   | 用户级自动启动应用（`.desktop`） |     低     |
| `/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc`  |       全局 XFCE 初始化脚本       |    最低    |

通过合理配置这些文件，可以优化 XFCE 的启动速度和行为。如果遇到问题，优先检查 `~/.xsession-errors` 日志！

### 测试音频输出

```
speaker-test -c 2 -t wav
```

`pasystray` 是一个 **PulseAudio 系统托盘（System Tray）控制工具**，它提供一个图形化界面（通常在任务栏或通知区域显示图标），用于快速调整音量、切换音频设备、管理输入/输出通道等。

------

## **1. `pasystray` 的主要功能**

- **音量控制**：调整主音量或单独应用程序的音量。
- **设备切换**：快速选择不同的音频输入（麦克风）或输出（扬声器/耳机）。
- **配置文件管理**：切换声卡的不同配置（如 `Stereo Output`、`HDMI`、`Off`）。
- **输入/输出监控**：显示当前活动的音频流（如正在播放的应用程序）。
- **静音控制**：一键静音/取消静音。

### 参考文档

[Arch Linux PulseAudio](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/PulseAudio#)
[PulseAudio 简介](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/661330057)