树莓派镜像 DIY 制作

#  树莓派镜像 DIY 制作

1. 安装交叉编译环境
   需要一个 `Ubunut18.04` 的64位的主机 或者直接在树莓派系统上进行编译；

```
   apt-get update
   apt-get install -y bc build-essential gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu git unzip
   ```

2. 获取树莓派内核源码

```bash
   # 下载成功后，在当前目录下有一个 linux 的文件夹
   git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux --branch rpi-6.6.y
   ```

获取树莓派官方 [img 文件](https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/#raspberry-pi-os-64-bit)

```bash
   wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.com/raspios_lite_arm64/images/raspios_lite_arm64-2024-10-28/2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img.xz
   ```

解压 `2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img.xz`

```bash
   # 安装解压工具
   sudo apt-get install xz-utils
   # 解压
   xz --decompress --stdout 2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img.xz > 2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img
   ```

3. 编译内核

```bash
   # 进入到内核源码
   cd linux
   # 生成配置
   make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- bcm2712_defconfig
   # 配置内核
   make menuconfig
   # 编译内核
   make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-   -j8
   ```

4. 查看 `2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img`

```bash
   # fdisk -l 2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img
   Disk 2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img: 2.67 GiB, 2864709632 bytes, 5595136 sectors
   Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disklabel type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x385cce61
   
   Device                                      Boot   Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
   2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img1         8192 1056767 1048576  512M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
   2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img2      1056768 5595135 4538368  2.2G 83 Linux
   ```

5. 挂在镜像分区到文件系统

```bash
   # 根分区
   # offset: 541065216 = 512*1056768	  sector size:512 bytes     起始地址：1056768
   mount -o loop,offset=541065216 2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img /mnt
   # 启动分区
   # offset: 4194304 = 512*8192，sizelimit：536870912 = 512*1048576
   mount -o loop,offset=4194304,sizelimit=536870912  2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img /mnt/boot
   ```

6. 安装内核, 将编译好的内核以及设备树复制到系统中

```bash
   cp linux/arch/arm64/boot/Image /mnt/boot/kernel8.img
   cp linux/arch/arm64/boot/dts/broadcom/bcm2712-rpi-5-b.dtb /mnt/boot
   ```

7. 安装内核模块

```bash
   make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/mnt modules_install
   ```

8. 调整config.txt

```bash
   vim /mnt/boot/config.txt
   
   # 在最后加上 kernel=kernel8.img
   ```

9. 卸载分区

```bash
   umount /mnt/boot && umount /mnt
   ```

10. 结束
    可以将  `2024-10-22-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img`  镜像通过 `Raspberry Pi Imager` 烧录工具制作系统启动的 SD 卡。