使用Python + GTK3.0 开发嵌入式GUI

## 1.开发环境搭建

* 安装系统依赖包
```bash
XSERVER="xinit xinput x11-xserver-utils xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-libinput xserver-xorg-legacy xserver-xorg-video-fbdev"
CAGE="cage seatd xwayland"   # wayland 桌面环境，可以不需要
PYGOBJECT="libgirepository1.0-dev gcc libcairo2-dev pkg-config python3-dev gir1.2-gtk-3.0"
MISC="librsvg2-common libopenjp2-7 libdbus-glib-1-dev autoconf python3-venv"
OPTIONAL="fonts-nanum fonts-ipafont libmpv-dev"

install_packages()
{
    echo_text "Update package data"
    sudo apt update

echo_text "Checking for broken packages..."
    if dpkg-query -W -f='${db:Status-Abbrev} ${binary:Package}\n' | grep -E "^.[^nci]"; then
        echo_text "Detected broken packages. Attempting to fix"
        sudo apt -f install
        if dpkg-query -W -f='${db:Status-Abbrev} ${binary:Package}\n' | grep -E "^.[^nci]"; then
            echo_error "Unable to fix broken packages. These must be fixed before KlipperScreen can be installed"
            exit 1
        fi
    else
        echo_ok "No broken packages"
    fi

echo_text "Installing KlipperScreen dependencies"
    sudo apt install -y $OPTIONAL
    echo "$_"

if sudo apt install -y $PYGOBJECT; then
        echo_ok "Installed PyGobject dependencies"
    else
        echo_error "Installation of PyGobject dependencies failed ($PYGOBJECT)"
        exit 1
    fi
    if sudo apt install -y $MISC; then
        echo_ok "Installed Misc packages"
    else
        echo_error "Installation of Misc packages failed ($MISC)"
        exit 1
    fi
}
```

* 安装python依赖包
```bash
PyGObject==3.48.2;python_version=="3.8"
pycairo==1.26.1;python_version=="3.8"

PyGObject==3.50.0;python_version>"3.8"
pycairo==1.27.0;python_version>"3.8"
websocket-client==1.8.0;python_version>="3.8"
psutil==6.0.0;python_version>="3.8"

```

## 2. 创建一个程序

```python
# hello_gtk.py
import gi
gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0")
from gi.repository import Gtk, Gdk

class HelloWorld(Gtk.Window):
    def __init__(self):
        # 初始化窗口
        super().__init__(title="Hello GTK")
        self.set_border_width(10)
        self.set_position(Gtk.WindowPosition.CENTER)  # 窗口居中
        
        # 获取屏幕信息
        screen = self.get_screen()
        screen_width = screen.get_width()
        screen_height = screen.get_height()

# 根据屏幕大小设置窗口大小
        window_width = int(screen_width * 0.5)  # 窗口宽度为屏幕宽度的 50%
        window_height = int(screen_height * 0.3)  # 窗口高度为屏幕高度的 30%
        self.set_default_size(window_width, window_height)

# 创建一个标签并设置文本
        self.label = Gtk.Label(label="Hello")
        self.label.set_justify(Gtk.Justification.CENTER)  # 文本居中对齐

# 将标签添加到窗口
        self.add(self.label)

# 连接窗口的关闭事件
        self.connect("destroy", Gtk.main_quit)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 创建窗口实例
    win = HelloWorld()
    win.show_all()  # 显示所有窗口组件
    Gtk.main()  # 启动 GTK 主循环

```
* 使用xinit启动程序

```bash
/usr/bin/xinit  /path/python_env/bin/python hello_gtk.py
```